The Effectiveness of the Combination of Bay Leaf Extract (Syzygium polyanthum) and Celery Leaf Extract (Apium graveolans L.) on Lowering Blood Sugar Level in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35898/ghmj-821174Keywords:
Hyperglycemia, Diabetes Mellitus, Bay Leaf Extract, Celery Leaf Extract, Rattus norvegicusAbstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder marked by high blood glucose levels. According to the WHO, approximately 422 million people worldwide were living with diabetes in 2023, with 1.5 million diabetes-related deaths reported annually. Based on the RISKESDAS data, the prevalence of diabetes in Indonesia was 8.5% in 2018, affecting approximately 20.4 million individuals, and the increase is closely linked to rising obesity rates. Diabetes treatment involves both medication and lifestyle changes. Indonesia has many herbal plants, such as bay and celery leaves, which contain bioactive compounds like flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins believed to have antihyperglycemic properties.
Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum) and celery leaf extracts (Apium graveolans L.) against lowering blood sugar levels in white male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).
Methods: This research is an experimental study using a pre- and post-test control group design. A total of 25 male Wistar white rats (Rattus norvegicus) were induced with alloxan and then divided into five groups: Group 1 (G1) as the negative control; Group 2 (G2) as the positive control, treated with the drug glibenclamide; Group 3 (G3) received bay leaf extract at a dose of 300 mg/kgBW; Group 4 (G4) received celery leaf extract at a dose of 300 mg/kgBW; and Group 5 (G5) received a combination of bay leaf and celery leaf extracts at a dose of 300 mg/kgBW. The post-test was conducted twice : Post-test 1 was carried out 60th minutes after treatment, and Post-test 2 was conducted 120th minutes after treatment. Blood glucose levels were measured using a glucometer.
Results: At 60th minutes post-treatment, blood sugar levels decreased by 40 mg/dL in G1, 100 mg/dL in G2, 44 mg/dL in G3, 57.4 mg/dL in G4, and 70.8 mg/dL in G5. At 120th minutes, the decreases were 45 mg/dL (G1), 104.6 mg/dL (G2), 49.2 mg/dL (G3), 62 mg/dL (G4), and 77.6 mg/dL (G5). The Post Hoc LSD test showed a statistically significant average decrease of 5 mg/dL between post-test 1 and post-test 2 (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The combination of bay leaf extract and celery leaf extract at a dose of 300 mg/kgBW is most effective in reducing blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic Wistar rats.
Downloads
References
Agustina, M. (2017). Correlation Between Dietary Pattern of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Blood Sugar Level. Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Health (ICASH), 2, 307-310. https://publications.inschool.id/index.php/icash/article/view/923
Ahriyasna R, Primal D, & Nurhamidah. (2023). Flavanoid dalam Rebusan Kawa Daun (Coffea canephora) Memperbaiki Kadar Glukosa Darah dan Regenerasi Sel Beta Pankreas Tikus Diinduksi Diabetes. Jurnal Kesehatan Perintis, 10(1), 60–67. https://jurnal.upertis.ac.id/index.php/JKP/article/view/875/434
Al-Ishaq RK, Abotaleb M, Kubatka P, Kajo K, & Büsselberg, D. (2019). Flavonoids and Their Anti-Diabetic Effects: Cellular Mechanisms and Effects to Improve Blood Sugar Levels. Biomolecules, 9(430), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9090430
Alkadri, S. L. F., Ilmiawan, M. I., & Handini, M. (2019). Efek Protektif Kombinasi Minyak Jintan Hitam dan Madu terhadap Hepatotoksisitas pada Tikus Akibat Sisplatin. E-Journal Kedokteran Indonesia, 7(2), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.23886/ejki.7.10740
Azzahra, A., Farhani, N., Syahfitri, W., Fatahillah Pasaribu, S., Kesehatan Masyarakat, I., Kesehatan Masyarakat, F., Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, U., Studi Gizi, P., & Kesehatan Helvetia, I. (2022). Potensi Kandungan Flavonoid Dalam Kayu Bajakah Sebagai Antidiabetes. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 6(2), 14345–14350. https://jptam.org/index.php/jptam/article/view/4708/3977
Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Barat. (2023). Profil Kesehatan Jawa Barat 2021-2022.
Handayani L, & Widowati L. (2020). Analisis Lanjut Pemanfaatan Empiris Ramuan Seledri (Apium graveolens L) oleh Penyehat Tradisional. Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia, 10(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.22435/jki.v10i1.1718
Irawan, D. A. H., Ryandha, M. G., Nibullah, S. G., Windari, W., & Abbas Zuyyinna Alya. (2022). REVIEW: Mekanisme Molekuler Obat Glibenklamid (Obat Anti Diabetes TIPE-2) Sebagai Target Aksi Obat Kanal Ion Kalium. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Konseling, 4(6), 9463–9474. https://journal.universitaspahlawan.ac.id/index.php/jpdk/article/view/9879
Kemenkes RI. (2019). Laporan Provinsi Jawa Barat RISKESDAS 2018. Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan (LBP).
Manuntung, A., Astuti, A. D. (2022). The roles of educators in Diabetes Mellitus prevention and management for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients at Pahandut Public Health Care, Palangka Raya. Global Health Management Journal, 5(2), 110–115. https://doi.org/10.35898/ghmj-52936
Metasari, S. (2017). Association of family's support, attitude and behavior to quality of life of patient with diabetes mellitus type II. Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Health, 2, 171-175. https://publications.inschool.id/index.php/icash/article/view/895
Meilala L, Sianipar MP, & Simorangkir DM. (2023). Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum Wight) Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Pada Mencit Putih Yang Di Induksi Aloksan. Jurnal Farmasi Dan Herbal, 5(2), 151–159. http://ejournal.delihusada.ac.id/index.php/JPFH
Meldawati. (2022). Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Salam Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Pankreas Tikus Wistar Diabetes Melitus (1st ed.). Universitas Prima Indonesia. https://jurnal.unprimdn.ac.id/index.php/ISBN/article/view/2898
Meutia R, Novitaria br S, Nababan OA, Simanjuntak N, & Novriani E. (2023). Uji Aktivitas Antidiabetes Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Seledri (Apium graveolens L.) Terhadap Tikus Jantan Wistar (Rattus norvegicus). Journal Pharmaceutical and Scinces, 6(1), 160–166. https://www.journal-jps.com
Mohsenpour, M. A., Samadani, M., Shahsavani, Z., Golmakani, M. T., Pishdad, G. R., & Ekramzadeh, M. (2023). The effect of celery (Apium graveolens) powder on cardiometabolic factors in overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A pilot randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Food Science and Nutrition, 11(9), 5351–5363. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3493
Nasution PR. (2022). Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Pada Tikus Putih Jantan Yang Diinduksi Glukosa. Sains Medisina, 1(2), 123–129. https://wpcpublisher.com/jurnal/index.php/sainsmedisina/article/view/147
Nelinda R, & Wathoni N. (2018). Tinjauan Efek Antidiabetes Tanaman Seledri (Apium graveolens). Farmaka, 16(3), 35–43. https://jurnal.unpad.ac.id/farmaka/article/view/17305
Nifadila Dachi, V. O., Arif Rayyan, T., Putri Utami, S., Mutia, R., Akbar, K., Esmaralda Lumbantobing, C. J., Kunardi, S., & Hendriani Djuang, M. (2022). Pengaruh variasi pemberian dosis aloksan terhadap angka kadar gula darah hewan coba. Jurnal Prima Medika Sains, 4(1), 32–36. https://doi.org/10.34012/jpms.v4i1.2460
Nugroho, A., Primagara, R., & Basyir, PBS. (2019). Antidiabetic effect of combined Muntingia calabura L. leaf extract and metformin on rats. Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Health (ICASH), 7(1), 110–119. https://publications.inschool.id/index.php/icash/article/view/623/505
Perkumpulan Endokrinologi Indonesia. (2021). Pedoman Pengelolaan Dan Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Dewasa Di Indonesia-2021. PB PERKENI. https://pbperkeni.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/22-10-21-Website-Pedoman-Pengelolaan-dan-Pencegahan-DMT2-Ebook.pdf
Retta E, & Kusumajaya H. (2023). Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Pemilihan Pengobatan Herbal Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus. 5(4), 1541–1552. http://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/JPPP
Rissa MM. (2022). Mekanisme Ekstrak Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) sebagai Antidiabetes. Jurnal Health Sains, 3(2), 242–249. https://doi.org/10.46799/jhs.v3i2.421
Rivai, H., & Yulianti, S. (2019). Analisis Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif dari Ekstrak Heksan, Aseton, Etanol, dan Air dari Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum (wight) Walp.)). Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal, 6(3), 1–13.
Rukminingsih, F., Octasari, P. M., Nadila, L. K., & Putri, F. A. (2023). Potemsi Antidiabetik Ekstrak Etanolik Biji Salak (Salacca zalacca) Pada Mencit Putih Jantan Garlur Swiss (Mus musculus) Yang Di Induksi Aloksan. Jurnal Insan Farmasi Indonesia, 6(2), 203–210. https://doi.org/10.36387/jifi.v6i2.1600
Saputra, M., Choesrina, R., & Mulqie, L. (2021). Studi Literatur Aktivitas Antidiabetes Ekstrak Tanaman Suku Piperaceae Secara In Vivo. Prosiding Farmasi, 7(2), 642–647. https://doi.org/10.29313/.v0i0.30080
Widiasari, K., Made, I., Wijaya, K., & Suputra, P. (2021). Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 : Faktor Risiko, Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana. Ganesha Medicina Journal, 1(2), 114–120. https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/GM/article/view/40006
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Diva Erita Laorenz, S.Ked., dr. Yandri Naldi, M.H., M.KM, dr. Friska Oktavrisa, Sp.PK., M.Kes
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
GHMJ (Global Health Management Journal) conforms fully to The Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) and DOAJ Open Access Definition. Authors, readers, and reviewers are free to Share ” copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and Adapt ” remix, transform, and build upon the material. Author(s) retain unrestricted copyrights and publishing rights of their work. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Learn the details at the License policy.
How to Cite
