Correlation between Hypertension and the Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Waled Regional General Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35898/ghmj-741077

Keywords:

Diabetic Retinopathy, Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels and resulting from deviations in either insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia can lead to various complications, including diabetic retinopathy. The main risk factors for developing diabetic retinopathy are uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.

Aims: To determine the correlation between hypertension and the severity of diabetic retinopathy in diabetes mellitus patients at Waled Regional General Hospital, Cirebon, from 2020 to 2023.

Methods: This study used an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional design. We collected data from the medical records of patients with diabetic retinopathy at Waled Regional General Hospital from 2020 to 2023. This study employed total sampling as its sampling technique. We performed univariate analysis to determine the frequency distribution of the samples and bivariate analysis using the Spearman correlation test.

Results: Out of 50 diabetic retinopathy patients, the majority suffered from proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), with 22 (44%) patients. The most common blood pressure level among the patients was grade 2 hypertension, with 19 (38%) patients. The bivariate analysis in this study showed a P-value of 0.091 and an r-value of 0.242.

Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between hypertension and the severity of diabetic retinopathy in diabetes mellitus patients at Waled Regional General Hospital from 2020 to 2023, with a positive correlation direction (p-value: 0.091 and r-value: 0.242).

Received: 25 September 2024  |  Reviewed: 16 October 2024  | 

Revised: 30 November 2024  |  Accepted: 12 December 2024.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

  • Syifa Khaerunisa Trinanda, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Indonesia.

    Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Indonesia.

  • dr. Boyke Sisprihattono, Sp.M, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Indonesia.

    Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Indonesia.

  • dr. Widi Astuti, Sp.M, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Indonesia.

    Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Indonesia.

References

Ayutthaya, S., & Adnan, N. (2020). Faktor Risiko Hipertensi pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, 2.

Farhani, F., Wahab, Z., & Tursinawati, Y. (2023). Hubungan antara Kadar HbA1c dan Derajat Retinopati Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Mata Cicendo Bandung. In Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas (Vol. 12, Issue 1). http://jurnal.fk.unand.ac.id

Hertapanndika, Inge Nandya, Sutyawan, I Wayan Eka, & Puitrawati Triningrat. (2020). Profil Retinopati Diabetik di Divisi Vitreo–Retina Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Sanglah Denpasar 1 Januari–30 Juni 2015. E-Jurnal Medika Udayana.

International Diabetes Federation. (2021). IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th edition. www.diabetesatlas.org

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2018). Laporan Riskesdas 2018 Nasional.

Lamy Manao, I., Triwahyu Hutami, H., Luthfia Rahmi, F., Novitasari Saubig, A., & Novitasari Saubig, A. (2021). The Association of Diabetes Duration with the Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy. Diponegoro Medical Journal. http://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/medico

Li, Y. T., Wang, Y., Hu, X. J., Chen, J. H., Li, Y. Y., Zhong, Q. Y., Cheng, H., Mohammed, B. H., Liang, X. L., Hernandez, J., Huang, W. Y., & Wang, H. H. X. (2021). Association between systolic blood pressure and diabetic retinopathy in both hypertensive and normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes: Risk factors and healthcare implications. Healthcare (Switzerland), 9(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9050580

Nirmala Dewi, P., & Vitresia, H. (2019). Profil Tingkat Keparahan Retinopati Diabetik Dengan Atau Tanpa Hipertensi pada di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. In Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas (Vol. 8, Issue 2). http://jurnal.fk.unand.ac.id

PERKENI. (2021). Pedoman Pengelolaan dan Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Indonesia.

Persatuan Dokter Spesialis Mata Indonesia. (2018). Retinopati Diabetika.

Primaputri, A., Sri Irmandha, K., Karim, M., Hapsari, P., Surdam, Z., & Rahmy Sujuthi, A. (2022). Hubungan Jenis Retinopati Diabetik dengan Lama Menderita Diabetes Melitus dan Kadar HbA1C. Fakumi Medical Journal.

Raflin Sinaga, M. B., & Dharma, S. (2023). Pengaruh kendali glukosa darah, hipertensi, dan dislipidemia terhadap komplikasi retinopati diabetik pada penderita Diabetes Melitus tipe 2. Jurnal Multidisiplin Indonesia. https://jmi.rivierapublishing.id/index.php/rp

Reubun Ririn Jihan S, Tamtelahitu, S. J. R., & Yunita, C. L. (2022). Prevalensi Retinopati Diabetik Pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Di Klinik Utama Provinsi Maluku. Care Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan, 10(3), 366–376.

Shaniaputri, T., Iskandar, E., Fajriansyah, A., Kedokteran, F., Ilmu, D., & Mata, K. (2022). Pusat Mata Nasional Rumah Sakit Mata Cicendo, Bandung Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Puskesmas in Bandung Raya from. Bandung Raya EJKI, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.23886/ejki.10.119.39

Sudoyo. (2017). Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid II Edisi VI (VI).

Trika, Y., Hasan, N., Farid Abhsori, N., Baraja, S., & Abhsori, N. F. (2024). Association Between Blood Pressure Levels and Diabetic Retinopathy Stage Among Patients at Karsa Husada General Hospital. In Batu City: A Cross-Sectional Study J Asian Med Stud Assoc (Vol. 11, Issue 1). http://www.jamsa.amsa-international.org

Utami Dyah Rahayu, Amin Ramzi, & Zen Nyayu Fauziah. (2017). Karakteristik Klinis Pasien Retinopati Diabetik Periode 1 Januari 2014–31 Desember 2015 di RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Majalah Kedokteran Sriwijaya.

Wang, S. Y., Andrews, C. A., Herman, W. H., Gardner, T. W., & Stein, J. D. (2017). Incidence and Risk Factors for Developing Diabetic Retinopathy among Youths with Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes throughout the United States. Ophthalmology, 124(4), 424–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.10.031

World Health Organization. (n.d.). World Diabetes Day. 2023. Retrieved January 10, 2024, from https://www.who.int/southeastasia/news/detail/14-11-2023-world-diabetes-day--access-to-diabetes-care

Yau, J. W. Y., Rogers, S. L., Kawasaki, R., Lamoureux, E. L., Kowalski, J. W., Bek, T., Chen, S. J., Dekker, J. M., Fletcher, A., Grauslund, J., Haffner, S., Hamman, R. F., Ikram, M. K., Kayama, T., Klein, B. E. K., Klein, R., Krishnaiah, S., Mayurasakorn, K., O’Hare, J. P., … Wong, T. Y. (2012). Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care, 35(3), 556–564. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-1909

Published

2024-12-12

How to Cite

Trinanda, S. K., Sisprihattono, B., & Astuti, W. (2024). Correlation between Hypertension and the Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Waled Regional General Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study. GHMJ (Global Health Management Journal), 7(4), 279–286. https://doi.org/10.35898/ghmj-741077

Plaudit

Share

Similar Articles

1-10 of 14

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.