Correlation between Types of Bleeding Brain Lesion with Glasgow Coma Scale in Head Injury Patients at Gunung Jati Regional Hospital, Cirebon, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35898/ghmj-81s1166Keywords:
Bleeding Brain Lesions, Galsgow Coma Scale, Head InjuryAbstract
Background: Head injuries were a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, often resulting in bleeding brain lesions such as epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and intracerebral hematoma. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was a widely used tool to assess the level of consciousness in head injury patients. Understanding this relationship was essential for guiding clinical management and predicting patient outcomes, especially in regions with high incidences of traumatic brain injuries, such as Cirebon, Indonesia.
Aims: To analyze the relationship between bleeding brain lesions and the Glasgow Coma Scale in head injuries at Gunung Jati Regional Hospital, Cirebon, Indonesia.
Methods: This study used an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional approach. Data collection was conducted using total sampling with a sample size of 28. The inclusion criteria were patients with CT-confirmed brain hemorrhages (epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, or intracerebral hematomas). Data were obtained from medical records in 2023 at Gunung Jati Regional Hospital. The analysis was performed using the Spearman rank correlation test to evaluate the relationship between the type of brain hemorrhage and GCS scores.
Results: The total sample of 28 included 21 patients (75%) with Intracerebral Hematoma, 3 patients (10.7%) with Subdural Hematoma, 2 patients (7.1%) with Epidural Hematoma, and 2 patients (7.1%) with Subarachnoid Hematoma. The level of consciousness in these patients was as follows: 15 patients (53.6%) with mild injuries, 8 patients (28.6%) with moderate injuries, and 5 patients (17.9%) with severe injuries. Spearman correlation analysis showed no significant relationship between Bleeding Brain Lesions and Glasgow Coma Scale in head injuries (p =0.645). The absence of correlation might have been due to unaccounted factors in this study, such as hemorrhage volume, lesion location, midline shift, and injury mechanism.
Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between types of bleeding brain lesions and Glasgow Coma Scale in head injury patients. The study's limitations included a small sample size and the exclusion of variables such as hemorrhage volume and location, which could affect the level of consciousness. Future research was recommended to involve larger sample sizes and additional clinical factors to better understand the dynamics between types of brain hemorrhages and patients' levels of consciousness, potentially improving clinical management strategies.
Downloads
References
Ahmad, M., Khan, A., & Patel, S. (2021). Prevalence and Outcomes of Mild Glasgow Coma Scale Scores in Head Trauma Patients. Ournal of Trauma and Critical Care.
Herdianta. (2022). Aspek Klinis dan Radiologis Cedera Kepala. J Kedokt Nanggroe Med.
Islam MQ, Rahman A, Bahar H, Hossain M, Rabbi AF, A. M. (2023). Correlation Between the Degree of Midline Shift in Computed Tomography Scan of Brain and Level of Consciousness of the Patients with Acute Spontaneous Intracerebral Haemorrhage. Sir Salimullah Med Coll J. https://doi.org/10.3329/ssmcj.v31i2.69449
Johnson, R., et al. (2020). Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhagic Outcomes: A Retrospective Study. Journal of Neurosurgery.
Kemal AT, L. S. (2021). Prevalensi Cedera Kepala Pasca Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Di RSUD Meuraxa Banda Aceh. J Sains Ris.
Kemenkes. (2022). Pedoman Nasional Pelayanan Kedokteran Tatalaksana Cedera Otak Traumatik. Keputusan Menteri Kesehat Republik Indonesia.
Pandiangan RJTA. (2020). Correlation Between Epidural Hematoma Volume in Temporal Region with Glasgow Coma Scale on Patients with Head Injury at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan in the year of 2018. Asian Australas Neuro Heal Sci J. https://doi.org/10.32734/aanhs-j.v2i1.3559
Riskesdas Jabar. (2018). Laporan Provinsi Jawa Barat. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.
Setiawan D A, K. D. D. S. (2022). Analisis Gangguan Keamanan Dan Proteksi Pada Asuhan Keperawatan Tn. H Dengan Diagnosa Medis Cedera Kepala Ringan (CKR) Di Ruang Antasena RST Wijayakusuma Purwokerto. J Pengabdi Mandiri.
Sidik AJ. (2024). Diagnosis dan Tata Laksana Dispepsia Infeksi Dengue Sekunder : Pato siologi , Diagnosis , dan Implikasi Klinis. https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v51i3.926
Smith, A., et al. (2019). The Prevalence of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Head Trauma Cases: An Analysis of Contributing Factors. Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open.
Suryati I, E. W. (2021). Hubungan Mekanisme Cidera dan Usia dengan Nilai Gcs pada Pasien Cidera Kepala Diruang IGD Rumah Sakit Umum Dr. Achmad Moctar Bukittinggi. J Kesehat Perintis.
Ulfa A, Aklima, A. R. (2022). Nursing Care Of Traumatic Brain Injury In Emergency Installations : A Case Study. J Ilm Mhs Fak Keperawatan.
Wilson MH. Monro-Kellie 2.0. (2016). The dynamic vascular and venous pathophysiological components of intracranial pressure. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X16648711
Zhang, L., Wang, H., & Liu, Y. (2018). Distribution and Recovery of Glasgow Coma Scale Scores in Patients with Non-Penetrating Head Injuries. Neurotrauma Reports.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Bibit Tantowijaya, S.Ked., dr. Merliana Debyanti, M.M.R, Sp. Rad, dr. Agus Kusnandang, Sp. N
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
GHMJ (Global Health Management Journal) conforms fully to The Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) and DOAJ Open Access Definition. Authors, readers, and reviewers are free to Share ” copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and Adapt ” remix, transform, and build upon the material. Author(s) retain unrestricted copyrights and publishing rights of their work. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Learn the details at the License policy.
How to Cite
