THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEMON JUICE (Citrus limon) TOWARD PYRAMIDAL NEURON CELLS OF MALE WHITE MICE'SCEREBRAL CORTEX THAT EXPOSED BY MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE (MSG)
Abstract
Background: The consumption rate of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) in Indonesia remains high. Lemon is an antioxidant and neutralizer of free radicals which contains vitamin C and phytochemicals to prevent the long-term effects of MSG to pyramida cells. This study aims to test the effect of oral administration of lemon juice (Citrus limon) to the number of pyramidal neuron cells. Methodology: This experimental study employed 30 male white mice aged 2.5 to 3 months. Those mice were randomly divided into five control-groups: Normal Control (KN), Negative Control (K-) was treated with 4 mg/grBB MSG, Dose Group 1 (KD1) was treated with 3.33 ml/kgBB lemon juice, Dose Group 2 (KD2) was treated with 6.67 ml/kgBB lemon juice, and Dose Group 3 (KD3) was treated with 13.33 ml/kgBB lemon juice. Kruskal Wallis test was used to determine the difference in distribution between groups, followed with Post hoc Mann Whitney test.
Results: After 28 days of treatment, the average number of pyramidal neuron cells in dose group 1 (637 cells) was higher than in negative control (589.5 cells) (p=0.078). The average number of pyramidal neuron cells in dose group 3 (482,5 cells) was lower than in the negative control (589.5 cells) (p=0.016). The statistical result shown that there were groups with a significant difference in pyramidal cells number. Mann-Whitney analysis of pyramidal cells number had shown that there was a significant difference
between group KD3 and KD1, KD3 and K (-), KD3 and KD2.
Conclusion: Lemon juice (Citrus limon) in precise dose has a beneficial effect to reduce the excitotoxic effect of MSG. Further studies is needed to validate the active compound and toxicity effect of lemon juice.
Keywords: Pyramidal neuron cells, monosodium glutamate, lemon (Citrus limon)
Downloads
References
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) Tahun 2013.
Razali R. Monosodium Glutamat (MSG) dan Efek Neurotoksisitasnya Pada Sistem Saraf Pusat. Banda Aceh: Universitas Syiah Kuala.
Simon H, Hexanto M, Dwi P. Pengaruh Pemberian Monosodium Glutamat peroral terhadap Degenerasi Neuron Piramidal CA1 Hipokampus pada Tikus Wistar. Medica Hospiralia. 2013; 1(3) : 175-181.
Pakaya D. Peranan Vitamin C Pada Kulit. Medika Tadulako, Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran. 2014; I(2):45-52.
Campíªlo LML, Fabrício CMG, Chistiane MF, Rivelilson MDF. Antioxidant activity of Citrus limon essential oil in mouse hippocampus. Informa Healthcare. 2011; 49(7): 709–715.
Uttara B, Ajay VS, Paolo Z, R.T. Mahajan. Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review of Upstream and Downstream Antioxidant Therapeutic Options. Current Neuropharmacology. 2009; 7(1) : 65-74.
Yun-Zhong, F., Sheng, Y., Guoyao, Wu. (2002) Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition. Nutrition, 18, 872- 879.
Zulfiani, Syarifudin I, Salomo H. Pengaruh Pemberian Vitamin C dan E terhadap Gambaran Histologis Ginjal Mencit (Mus musculus L.) yang Dipajankan Monosodium Glutamat (MSG). (Skripsi). Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara. 2013.
Wijaya YA. Daya Analgesik Sari Buah Jeruk Lemon (Citrus Limon (L.) Burm. F.) pada Mencit Putih Betina. (Skripsi). Yogyakarta: Universitas Sanata Dharma. 2008.
Muntiha, Mohamad. Teknik Pembuatan Preparat Histopatologi Dari jaringan Hewan dengan Pewarnaan Hematoksilin Dan Eosin (H&E). Bogor. 2001.
Quita SM. Evaluation of lemon fruit extract as an antioxidant agent against histopathological changes induced by cyclophosphamide in the testes of albino mice. Electronic Physician. 2016; VIII (1): 1824-1831.
Dayono B, Heru FT, M. In'am I. Histologi Sel Piramidal Hipokampus Tikus Putih Pasca Penghentian Pajanan Monosodium Glutamat Peroral. Jurnal Vokasi Kesehatan. 2015; I(4): 124-130.
Vicini S. The role of GABA and glutamate on adult neurogenesis. J Physiol. 2008; 586(16): 8-377.
Chen X, Qiongxia LV, Yumei L, Weng D. Study on injury effect of food additive citric acid on liver tissue in mice. Cytotechnology. 2014; 66: 275–282.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Each author(s) agree to transfer all copyrights and assign YAYASAN ALIANSI CENDEKIAWAN INDONESIA THAILAND, the Publisher of Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Health, for the full term of exclusive copyright and any extensions or renewals of that terms thereof throughout the world, including but not limited to publish, disseminate, transmit, store, translate, distribute, sell, republish and use the Contribution and material contained therein in print and electronic form of the journal and in other derivative works, in all languages and any form of media of expression available now or in the future and to license or permit others to do so.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Health is an open access following Creative Commons License Deed – Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). Users are allowed to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format as well as remix, transform, and build upon the material with one condition--appropriate credit is given to the journal.